What Flags Make Up the Union Jack
The Union Jack combines the crosses of three historic flags: England, Scotland, and Ireland. Each cross represents a patron saint and a distinct part of the United Kingdom.
England, Scotland, and Ireland in the Design
The red cross of St George represents England. The white saltire of St Andrew represents Scotland. The red saltire of St Patrick represents Ireland. These elements overlap to create the Union Jack pattern.
Why the Union Jack Includes Wales
Wales is not directly represented in the Union Jack because the design was finalized when Wales was already united with England. The flag focuses on the crosses of England, Scotland, and Ireland.
For more background on the history and official usage of the flag, see the official UK Government page on the Union Jack https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/union-flag.
