Asthma and Reactive Airway Dysfunction Syndrome
Many responders and survivors developed asthma after inhaling dust and smoke at the World Trade Center site. Reactive Airway Dysfunction Syndrome, or RADS, is a type of asthma that can appear shortly after intense irritant exposure. Symptoms include wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Bronchitis
Exposure to toxic dust has been linked to chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD. These conditions cause long-term inflammation of the airways, leading to persistent cough, mucus production, and difficulty breathing. Studies show increased rates among those with heavy exposure.
Interstitial Lung Disease and Pulmonary Fibrosis
Some individuals exposed to 9/11 dust developed interstitial lung diseases, which cause scarring of lung tissue. Pulmonary fibrosis makes the lungs stiff and reduces oxygen flow. Symptoms often include a dry cough and progressive shortness of breath over time.
For more information on 9/11-related lung conditions and health programs, visit World Trade Center Health Program.
