What Is Toxic Shock Syndrome
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a rare, serious condition caused by bacterial toxins, usually from Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus. It can affect anyone, including menstruating people who use tampons.
Can Tampons Cause Toxic Shock
Tampons do not directly cause TSS, but they can increase risk when used incorrectly. Leaving a tampon in for too long, using super-absorbent types, or not washing hands during insertion may allow bacteria to grow and produce toxins. TSS is very rare when tampons are used as directed.
Symptoms, Risks, and Prevention
Early symptoms include sudden high fever, low blood pressure, a sunburn-like rash, vomiting, diarrhea, and muscle aches. If these appear during menstruation, remove the tampon immediately and seek emergency care. To lower risk, use the lowest absorbency needed, change tampons every four to eight hours, alternate with pads, and follow hygiene guidance from health authorities such as the CDC.
